Rujukan Empayar Mali

  1. ↑ Turchin, Peter danJonathan M. Adams dan Thomas D. Hall: "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States", m/s 222. Journal of World-Systems Research, Vol. XII, No. II, 2006
  2. ↑ Turchin, Peter danJonathan M. Adams dan Thomas D. Hall: "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States", m/s 222. Journal of World-Systems Research, Vol. XII, No. II, 2006
  3. ↑ Ki-Zerbo, Joseph: UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV, Abridged Edition: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century, p. 57. University of California Press, 1997.
  4. ↑ Piga, Adriana: Islam et villes en Afriqa au sud du Sahara: Entre soufisme et fondamentalisme, p. 265. KARTHALA Editions, 2003.
  5. ↑ "The Empire of Mali, In Our Time – BBC Radio 4". BBC. Dicapai pada 2015-10-29.
  6. ↑ Imperato, Pascal James; Imperato, Gavin H. (2008-04-25). Historical Dictionary of Mali (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Scarecrow Press. m/s. 201. ISBN 9780810864023.
  7. 1 2 Kelahiran kekaisaran Manden, diterjemahkan dari bahasa Prancis
  8. ↑ Perkenalan Manden
  9. ↑ Wiracarita Sundjata Humanities Department, Central Oregon Community College
  10. ↑ Wagadou atau Kekaisaran Ghana Diterjemahkan dari bahasa Prancis. Soninkara.org
  11. ↑ Sejarah Afrika diterjemahkan dari bahasa Prancis
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Niane, D.T: "Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali". Longman, 1995
  13. ↑ The Wangara, an Old Soninke Diaspora in West Africa? A. W. Massing
  14. ↑ Heusch, Luc de: "The Symbolic Mechanisms of Sacred Kingship: Rediscovering Frazer". The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 1997
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Stride, G.T & C. Ifeka: "Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000-1800". Nelson, 1971
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Niane, D.T.: "Recherches sur l’Empire du Mali au Moyen âge". Presence Africaine. Paris, 1975
  17. ↑ Mengenai Manden, diterjemahkan dari bahasa Prancis
  18. ↑ African Empires to 1500 CE
  19. ↑ Person, Yves: "SAMORI: UNE REVOLUTION DYULA". Nimes, impr. Barnier, 1968
  20. ↑
  21. ↑ Mali: Geografi dan Sejarah
  22. ↑ Sejarah Guinea-Bissau
  23. ↑ Piagam Kurukan Fuga
  24. 1 2 Levitzion, N: "The Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Kings of Mali". The Journal of African History, Vol. 4, No. 3. Cambridge University Press, 1963
  25. ↑ Senegal: History and Geography, diterjemahkan dari bahasa Prancis.
  26. 1 2 The Empire of Mali (Mandigo Empire), diterjemahkan dari bahasa Prancis
  27. ↑ Sejarah Afrika: Perdagangan
  28. ↑ The army and armaments in Mali, diterjemahkan dari bahasa Prancis
  29. ↑ Sejarah Mali, diterjemahkan dari bahasa Prancis
  30. ↑ Joan Baxter, "Africa's 'greatest explorer.'" BBC. 13 Desember 2000.
  31. ↑ Wealth: Africa and Europe
  32. 1 2 Blanchard, page 1119
  33. ↑ Stiansen & Guyer, page 88
  34. ↑ Bernadette D. Bennett. WEST AFRICAN KINGDOMS
  35. ↑ Universitas Boston, Kingdom of Mali
  36. ↑ East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States
  37. ↑ Niane, D.T.: "Recherches sur l’Empire du Mali au Moyen âge". Paris Press, 1975
  38. ↑ Mansa Masu & Sohgai Empire
  39. ↑ Thornton, John K.: "Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800". Routledge, 1999
  40. ↑ Mali
  41. ↑ Empire of Mali (empire mandingue)
  42. ↑ Mossi (1250-1575 AD)
  43. 1 2 3 4 Spatio-Temporal Boundaries of African Civilizations Reconsidered
  44. ↑ The history of Africa, Peuls et Toucouleurs Peuls and Toucouleurs
  45. 1 2 Africa and Slavery 1500-1800
  46. ↑ The CASAMANCE ... du KASA à nos jours KASA's to the present day
  47. ↑ The Songhai empire (Empire de Gao) (Empire Gao)
  48. 1 2 Niane, D.T.: "Histoire et tradition historique du Manding". Presence Africaine, 89. Paris, 1974
  49. 1 2 Songhai: Hometown
  50. 1 2 Jansen, Jan: "The Representation of Status in Mande: Did the Mali Empire Still Exist in the Nineteenth Century?". History in Africa, Vol. 23. JSTOR, 1996
  51. ↑ Jansen, Jan: "THE Younger Brother and the Stranger. In search of a status discourse for Mande". Cashiers d'etudes africanines, 1996
  52. 1 2 3 4 Kronologi Mali

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